Will an exteral power source cause a watthour meter to run backwards?
Yes, the meter will run backwards if it is the typical induction-disk meter. The power meter is a motor that will run forward s or backwards in response to the direction of power flow.
However, it probably is universally true that regulations prohibit connection of a power source without permission from the utility and without meeting the utility’s requirements for interconnection. There are good reasons for this, among them:
1. Safety: The utility has to be able to disconnect and lock out all power sources from the grid before utility workers can repair lines. Even a small generator (e.g. 500W) that remains connected can backfeed through the service transformer and enegize the high-voltage lines at their rated voltage (e.g. 12kV). So usually there is a requirement that you provide an approved lockable disconnect switch that the utility can access for the purpose of disconnecting your power-producing system.
2. Equipment damage: If a generator is connected out-of-phase, the tremendous torque that is developed can literally bend the generator shaft, destroying the generator. So synchronizaton gear (paralleling equipment) of some sort is necessary. In the case of solar arrays, the inverter can have this as an automatic capability. Inverters generally need approval.
3. Utility system protection: Adding generators to the grid can necessitate changes in the electrical protection settings (and equipment) that the utility uses to protect the electrical grid. The utility needs to know about all generation that is added.
4. Rate structures: The utility usually is a public utility that charges in accordance with state-mandated tarriffs. By running your meter backwards, you effectively would be selling energy to the utility in a manner that isn’t approve by the authorities. There are legal issues here.
In some utility-approved cogeneration applications where the customer agrees to use all energy on site, the utility might swap out the electric meter for a similar-looking one that has a ratchet that keeps the meter from spinning backwards when power flows in the reverse direction. Normally the utility does not install a ratcheted meter in residential situations where there are expected to be no power generation sources on the premises.
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